1	Using Digitized Primary Sources From The Library of Congress‘s American Memory Collection To Enliven Nursing Issues and History Curriculum Presentation Information Background: A cohort of faculty from Governors State University were chosen to receive technology training and develop web based education projects incorporating digitized primary sources from the Library of Congress' American Memory Collection in May 2006. Using a constructivist framework, three web-enhanced projects, which are works in progress, were developed to illumine and enliven nursing's history for today's learner. These projects utilize digitized primary sources, which are defined as documents or other sources of information created at or near the time being studied. Use of primary sources is not common in nursing and represents a new approach to enhancing nursing curricula. The three nursing projects are: Nursing Licensure, Legislation, and Nurse Practice Acts - Shirley Comer Advocacy and Health Policy-Nursing's Legacy and Future - Catherine Tymkow Mary Ann ”Mother” Bickerdyke, An Illinois Civil War Nurse - Paul Blobaum Methods: The GSU AAM project is innovative in its approach among other AAM programs by supplying each participant with a laptop computer, digital camera, and USB flash drive, in addition to training and support in using the LOC website and web publishing. Each author makes a commitment to use the experiences of this project to enhance current pedagogical techniques directly in the classroom, mentor colleagues for one year, and disseminate the results of their scholarship.
2	Adventure of the American Mind Projects The three nursing projects are: Nursing Licensure, Legislation, and Nurse Practice Acts- Shirley Comer http://aam.govst.edu/projects/scomer Advocacy and Health Policy-Nursing’s Legacy and Future- Catherine Tymkow http://aam.govst.edu/projects/ctymkow Mary Ann “Mother” Bickerdyke, An Illinois Civil War Nurse- Paul Blobaum http://aam.govst.edu/projects/pblobaum CLICK TO CONTINUE! The authors would like to thank: Dick Durbin, Sandi Estep and Lucianne Sweder for making our participation possible
3	Background Governors State University Founded in 1969 Upper division university (6,000 bachelor completion and graduate students) Located 30 miles south of Chicago’s loop in University Park Average student is a 34 year old working mom
4	Adventure of the American Mind at GSU GSU joined the original AAM project in 2003 (AAM was established in 1999) Cohort groups of K-12 teachers receive technology training, notebooks computers, and software Governors State University Nursing and Library Faculty were invited in Spring 2006
5	"Adventure of the American Mind" Adventure of the American Mind (now called Teaching with Primary Resources) Professional development project funded through the Library of Congress Awarded in Illinois through the efforts and support of US Senator Richard J. "Dick" Durbin (D-IL) The program prepares K-12 teachers and university faculty to access and produce curriculum utilizing the American Memory Web site created by the Library of Congress.
6	""The Library of Congress..." "The Library of Congress has a vast wealth of resources - resources just waiting to be tapped by students not just in Washington, DC, but all across the country." Richard J. “Dick” Durbin US Senator (D-IL)
7	"What Are Primary Sources" What Are Primary Sources? Approximately 10,500,000 of these are digitized and accessible by computer though the Library of Congress Primary sources are: Actual records that have survived from the past, like letters, photographs, articles of clothing and music. They are different from secondary sources, which are accounts of events written sometime after they happened. Primary sources found at the Library of Congress include published and unpublished documents and recordings e.g. Books Correspondence, Memoirs Newspapers Advertisements Maps Laws, Pamphlets Narratives, speeches, public records Music; as well as visual arts items like photographs, paintings, cartoons and films.
8	Why Use Primary Sources? Primary sources guides students toward higher-order thinking and better critical thinking and analysis skills. Studying primary sources helps students form reasoned conclusions, base their conclusions on evidence, and connect documents to their larger context of meaning. Analyzing primary sources move students from concrete observations and facts to making inferences about the materials. "Point of view", for example, is one of the most important inferences that a learner can draw. Students consider questions such as: What is the intent of the speaker, of the writer, of the photographer or of the musician? How does that influence one's interpretation or understanding of the evidence?
9	An Example: Incorporating Primary Resources in Nursing Education Nursing Licensure, Legislation, and Nurse Practice Acts This project used primary resources to describe the history of nursing licensure from the advent of permissive licensure to present day Includes comparisons between the fight for women's’ suffrage and the fight for nursing licensure This project also describes the composition and legal significance of Nurse Practice Acts Used Photographs, original documents, posters and stereographic cards to illustrate this history Uses links from the Library of Congress website Law Library of Congress WebPages describing the Women’s suffrage movement Suggests student activities utilizing primary sources available through the Library of Congress Primary Source photographs were used in a narrated slide show incorporated into the project Link to project - http://aam.govst.edu/projects/scomer/index.htm
10	American Memory Web Page from the Library of Congress
11	Library of Congress American Memory’s Learning Page
12	Professional Development online lessons
13	Using the American Memory Site at the Library of Congress The Library of Congress’ holdings are organized in a series of collections like a museum Each collection must be searched for the primary resources (PR) Each PR must be investigated for rights or restrictions on use Non digitized PR can be requested from LOC in many cases There may be a fee
14	Results of search on the American Memory site for “Nurses” shown by collection
15	Project Pages
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17	Nurse Holding a Baby 1912
18	Woman in Red Cross Nurse's Uniform - between 1900 and 1915
19	German Hospital Nurses 1907
20	African American Nurse Volunteer 1943
21	Lollipop Party c1910
22	Nurse Aiko Hamaguchi and patient Toyoko Ioki, Manzanar Relocation Center, California / photograph by Ansel Adams.1943
23	Project capture
24	Civil War Nurse: Mary “Mother” A. B. Bickerdyke 1898
25	Hospital slippers pattern for Union sick and injured soldiers 1861 Distributed by Henry Blair, Druggist Philadelphia Completed slippers were distributed by Philadelphia Ladies Aid
26	Township map of Illinois 1861 C. Woolworth Colton’s Railroad Map From: Library of Congress Geography and Map division
27	Birth Control Advocate, Margaret Sanger 1917
28	The Public Health Nurse 1910-1920
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